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The complete vCAT printed reference: knowledge, tools, and validated designs for building high-value vCloud® solutions
The vCloud Architecture Toolkit (vCAT) brings together validated designs, tools, and knowledge for architecting, implementing, operating, and consuming modern vCloud infrastructure based on the Software Defined Data Center (SDDC).
vCAT has already helped hundreds of VMware customers succeed with vCloud. Now, pioneering VMware architect John Arrasjid has integrated essential vCAT information into a definitive printed guide, adding even more context and examples for successful planning and deployment. To do so, Arrasjid has distilled contributions from more than 100 VMware architects, consultants, administrators, engineers, project managers, and other technical leaders.
VMware vCloud Architecture Toolkit (vCAT) is your complete roadmap for using virtualization to simplify data centers and related IT infrastructure. You’ll find up-to-the-minute, field-proven insights for addressing a wide spectrum of challenges–from availability to interoperability, security to business continuity.
Coverage includes
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . 1
1.2 Using the vCAT Documentation Set . . . 2
1.2.1 Recommended Reading Order . . . 5
1.3 Cloud Computing and VMware vCloud . . . 5
1.3.1 VMware vCloud Requirements. . . 6
1.3.2 VMware Alignment to Standards . . . 6
1.3.3 vCloud Definitions . . . . 7
1.3.4 Solution Area to Technology Mapping . . 8
1.4 Journey to a Mature vCloud Implementation . . 11
1.4.1 Stage 1: Standardize . . . . 12
1.4.2 Stage 2: Service Broker . . . . 13
1.4.3 Stage 3: Strategic Differentiator . . . 14
2 Service Definitions 15
2.1 Introduction . . . . . 15
2.1.1 Audience . . . . . 16
2.1.2 Deployment Model . . . . 16
2.1.3 Service Model . . . . . 17
2.1.4 Technology Mapping . . . . 18
2.1.5 Service Characteristics . . . . 18
2.1.6 Service Development Approach . . . 20
2.1.7 Concepts and Terminology . . . 21
2.2 Service Definition Considerations . . . 22
2.2.1 Service Objectives . . . . 22
2.2.2 Use Cases . . . . . 23
2.2.3 User Roles . . . . . 25
2.2.4 Metering and Service Reporting . . . 26
2.2.5 Security and Compliance . . . . 26
2.2.6 Capacity Distribution and Allocation Models . . 29
2.2.7 Applications Catalog . . . . 30
2.2.8 Interoperability . . . . 31
2.2.9 Service-Level Agreement . . . . 31
2.3 Service Offering Examples . . . . 32
2.3.1 Service Offering—Basic . . . . 34
2.3.2 Service Offering—Committed . . . 37
2.3.3 Service Offering—Dedicated . . . 40
3 Architecting a VMware vCloud 45
3.1 Overview . . . . . . 45
3.1.1 Audience . . . . . 46
3.1.2 Scope . . . . . 46
3.1.3 Chapter Topics . . . . 46
3.2 vCloud Architecture . . . . . 47
3.2.1 Technology Mapping . . . . 47
3.2.2 vCloud Suite Components . . . 48
3.2.3 vCloud Infrastructure Logical Design . . . 50
3.3 vCloud Management Architecture . . . 52
3.3.1 Management Cluster. . . . 53
3.3.2 Compute Layer . . . . 55
3.3.3 Network Layer . . . . . 56
3.3.4 Storage Layer . . . . . 56
3.3.5 vCenter Linked Mode . . . . 57
3.3.6 Cell Load Balancing . . . . 57
3.3.7 vCenter Operations Manager . . . 58
3.4 Resource Group Architecture . . . . 58
3.4.1 Compute Resources . . . . 59
3.4.2 Network Resources. . . . 60
3.4.3 Storage Resources . . . . 63
3.4.4 vCloud Resource Sizing . . . . 69
3.5 vCloud Resource Design . . . . 72
3.5.1 vCloud Director Constructs . . . 72
3.5.2 Organizations. . . . . 74
3.5.3 Provider Virtual Datacenter . . . 76
3.5.4 Organization Virtual Datacenters . . . 78
3.5.5 vCloud Networking . . . . 87
3.5.6 Networking—Public vCloud Example . . 102
3.5.7 Networking—Private vCloud Example . . 104
3.5.8 vApp . . . . . 106
3.5.9 Snapshots . . . . . 108
3.5.10 Storage Independent of Virtual Machines . . 111
3.5.11 vApp Load Balancing . . . . 113
3.6 vCloud Metering . . . . . 117
3.6.1 vCenter Chargeback Manager . . . 117
3.6.2 Maximums . . . . . 120
3.6.3 Cost Calculation. . . . 120
3.7 Orchestration and Extension . . . . 122
3.7.1 vCloud API . . . . . 122
3.7.2 Cloud Provisioning with vFabric Application Director . 123
3.7.3 vCloud Messages . . . . 127
3.7.4 vCenter Orchestrator . . . . 128
3.7.5 vCenter Orchestrator Examples . . . 135
3.8 Multisite Considerations . . . . 137
3.8.1 Multisite Availability Considerations . . 139
3.8.2 Distributed Cloud Deployments Use Cases . . 139
3.8.3 Multisite Terminology . . . . 141
3.8.4 Deployment Options . . . . 142
3.8.5 Supportability Considerations for Single-Site Deployments . . . . . 145
3.8.6 Multisite Supportability Considerations . . 146
3.9 Hybrid vCloud Considerations . . . . 147
3.9.1 vCloud Connector . . . . 148
3.10 References . . . . . 154
4 Operating a VMware vCloud 157
4.1 Overview . . . . . . 157
4.1.1 Audience . . . . . 158
4.1.2 Scope . . . . . 158
4.2 Cloud Computing . . . . . 158
4.2.1 vCloud Operations Framework . . . 159
4.3 Process Maturity for vCloud Operations . . . 161
4.3.1 Traditional versus Maturity Models Specific to VMware . 161
4.3.2 Process Maturity Scale Specific to VMware . . 162
4.3.3 Evolution of vCloud Operations . . . 163
4.4 Changing Role of Information Technology Organizations . 166
4.4.1 IT and Business Relationship . . . 166
4.4.2 Rethink IT . . . . . 167
4.5 Organizing for vCloud Operations . . . 167
4.5.1 Organizational Overview . . . . 167
4.5.2 vCloud Infrastructure Operations . . . 169
4.5.3 vCloud Tenant Operations . . . 175
4.5.4 Evolution of Organizational Structure for vCloud . 180
4.6 vCloud Business and Consumer Control . . . 182
4.6.1 Introduction to IT Business Management . . 182
4.7 vCloud Service Control . . . . 185
4.7.1 vCloud Service Governance and Lifecycle Management . 185
4.7.2 vCloud Service Design and Development Management . 195
4.8 vCloud Operations Control . . . . 200
4.8.1 Provisioning Management . . . 200
4.8.2 Capacity Management . . . . 204
4.8.3 Performance Management . . . 209
4.8.4 Event, Incident, and Problem Management . . 217
4.8.5 Configuration and Compliance Management . . 223
4.8.6 Orchestration Management . . . 228
4.8.7 Availability Management . . . 231
4.8.8 Continuity Management . . . . 232
4.8.9 Access and Security Management . . . 236
4.9 vCloud Infrastructure Control . . . . 239
4.9.1 Monitoring . . . . . 240
5 Consuming a VMware vCloud 243
5.1 Overview . . . . . . 243
5.1.1 Audience . . . . . 244
5.1.2 Scope . . . . . 244
5.2 vCloud Consumption Approach . . . . 244
5.2.1 vCloud Consumer Resources . . . 244
5.2.2 vCloud Consumer Resource Capacity . . 246
5.3 Choosing a vCloud Consumption Model . . . 247
5.3.1 Consuming vCloud Services . . . 247
5.3.2 vCloud Director Allocation Models . . . 247
5.4 Organization Catalogs . . . . 249
5.4.1 Understanding Catalogs . . . . 250
5.4.2 Populating a Catalog . . . . 252
5.4.3 Working with Catalogs . . . . 255
5.5 Creating and Managing vApps . . . . 259
5.5.1 Migrating Workloads to a vCloud . . . 259
5.5.2 Using vCloud Workloads . . . 264
5.5.3 Directory Services in vCloud . . . 273
5.5.4 vApp Deployment Readiness . . . 276
5.5.5 Updating vApps . . . . 293
5.5.6 Establishing Service Levels . . . 297
5.6 Consuming vCloud with the API . . . 299
5.6.1 Characteristics of the API . . . 299
5.6.2 API Functions. . . . . 300
5.6.3 What’s New in the vCloud 5.1 API . . . 300
5.6.4 vCloud SDK . . . . . 301
5.7 Consuming vCloud with vFabric Application Director . . 301
5.8 References . . . . . 303
6 Implementation Examples 305
6.1 Overview . . . . . . 305
6.1.1 Implementation Examples Structure . . . 305
6.1.2 vCloud Suite Components . . . 306
6.2 vCloud Cell Design Examples . . . . 308
6.2.1 Load-Balanced Cell Configuration . . . 308
6.2.2 Secure Certificates . . . . 314
6.3 Organization Virtual Datacenter Examples . . . 324
6.3.1 Pay As You Go Allocation Model . . . 325
6.3.2 Reservation Pool Model. . . . 328
6.3.3 Allocation Pool Model . . . . 331
6.3.4 Service Provider Performance Offerings . . 334
6.4 Networking Examples . . . . 338
6.4.1 vApp Load Balancing with vCloud Networking and Security Edge. . . . . 338
6.4.2 Static Routing . . . . 345
6.4.3 vCloud Networking and Security Edge Gateway Setup . 350
6.4.4 Public vCloud External Network . . . 361
6.4.5 VXLAN Implementation . . . . 364
6.4.6 VXLAN ORG Network for Disaster Recovery . . 371
6.4.7 VCDNI-Backed Organization Network . . 388
6.4.8 VLAN ORG Network . . . . 393
6.5 Storage Design Examples . . . . 397
6.5.1 vApp Snapshot . . . . 397
6.5.2 Storage DRS with vCloud Director . . . 402
6.6 Catalog Design Example . . . . 410
6.6.1 vCloud Public Catalog . . . . 410
6.7 vCloud Security Examples . . . . 416
6.7.1 Single Sign-On (SSO)—Provider . . . 416
6.7.2 Single Sign-On (SSO): Consumer . . . 423
6.7.3 Implementing Signed Certificates from a Certificate Authority . . . . . 433
6.8 vCloud Integration Examples . . . . 434
6.8.1 vCenter Operations Manager . . . 434
6.8.2 AMQP Messages . . . . 464
6.8.3 AMQP Blocking Tasks . . . . 469
7 Workflow Examples 479
7.1 Overview . . . . . . 479
7.1.1 Audience . . . . . 479
7.1.2 Scope . . . . . 480
7.1.3 Launching Workflows . . . . 480
7.2 Triggering Workflows with vCloud Notifications . . 482
7.2.1 Prerequisites . . . . . 483
7.2.2 Workflow Folders . . . . 483
7.2.3 Workflow: Create a vCloud Director Notification Subscription . . . . . 483
7.2.4 Workflow: Create a vCloud Director Notification Policy. 487
7.2.5 Process Notifications and Trigger Workflows . . 488
7.2.6 Triggered Workflow Examples . . . 490
7.3 Automated Import of Virtual Machines to vCloud Director . 494
7.3.1 Prerequisites . . . . . 494
7.3.2 Usage . . . . . 495
7.3.3 Workflow Folders . . . . 495
7.3.4 Choose Virtual Machines to Import . . . 495
7.3.5 Workflow: Import VMs to VDC . . . 497
7.3.6 Workflow: Import a VM with Remapping Networks . 499
7.3.7 Create vCloud Director Networks Workflows . . 502
7.3.8 Workflow: Create External Networks and Organization VDC Networks from VMs List . . . . 503
7.3.9 Workflow: Add External Network and Org VDC Network . 505
7.4 vCloud vApp Provisioning . . . . 506
7.4.1 Prerequisites . . . . . 507
7.4.2 Usage . . . . . 508
7.4.3 Workflow Folders . . . . 508
7.4.4 Workflow Inputs and Outputs . . . 508
7.4.5 Workflow Overview . . . . 509
7.5 Additional Resources . . . . . 513
8 Software Tools 515
8.1 Overview . . . . . . 515
8.1.1 Audience . . . . . 515
8.1.2 Scope . . . . . 516
8.2 VMware vCloud Director Server Resource Kit . . 516
8.2.1 vCloud Director Audit . . . . 516
8.2.2 vCloud Provisioner . . . . 519
8.2.3 CloudCleaner . . . . . 522
8.3 Services Automation Tools . . . . 534
8.3.1 Assessments and Capacity Planner . . . 534
8.3.2 VMware vSphere Health Check Service and HealthAnalyzer Tool . . . . 538
8.3.3 VMware vCloud Migration Service and Migration Manager Tool . . . . . 540
9 Cloud Bursting 547
9.1 Overview . . . . . . 547
9.1.1 The Autoscaling Process . . . . 547
9.1.2 Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Implementation Models . 548
9.2 Sensing (Monitoring) the Service State . . . 551
9.2.1 Monitoring Approaches . . . . 551
9.3 Orchestration (Infrastructure Scaling) . . . 556
9.3.1 Scaling Localization . . . . 556
9.3.2 Scaling Orchestration . . . . 561
Appendix A Availability Considerations 565
Appendix B Security 573
Appendix C vCloud Suite Disaster Recovery 595
Appendix D vCloud Director Upgrade Considerations 601
Appendix E vCloud Director Cell Monitoring 611
Appendix F Compliance Considerations 619
Appendix G Capacity Planning 629
Appendix H Capacity Management 637
Appendix I Integrating with Existing Enterprise System Management 647
Appendix J Business Continuity 655
Appendix K Upgrade Checklists 661
Appendix L Custom Workflow Development Guidelines 665
9780321912022, TOC, 7/11/2013