Industrial Control Systems/Operational Technology (ICS/OT) is critical to the safety and efficient operation of critical infrastructure in manufacturing, energy, water, transportation and healthcare industries. In addition, these systems are critical to society and the economy, which makes them a critical area of focus for cybersecurity professionals. In this blog post, we will explore the unique characteristics of ICS/OT systems, the potential risks and consequences of cyberattacks on these systems and the best practices for securing them. With these best practices, organizations can ensure their critical infrastructure remains safe, secure and resilient in the face of evolving cyber threats.
What are ICS/OT systems and why are they important?
ICS/OT systems combine hardware and software to control and automate physical processes in industries. These systems are responsible for critical infrastructure, including power grids, water treatment plants, transportation systems and healthcare facilities. ICS/OT systems have unique characteristics that differentiate them from traditional IT systems. For example, these systems often require high availability and reliability, making it challenging to implement security measures that could impact their performance. Additionally, ICS/OT systems often have different requirements and constraints than traditional IT systems, such as the need to operate in harsh environments, making securing these systems challenging.
The importance of ICS/OT systems in critical infrastructure cannot be overstated. Any disruption to these systems can have serious consequences, including loss of life, environmental damage and economic losses. In addition, cyberattacks impact on these systems can be significant, as attackers can gain unauthorized access, manipulate processes or cause physical damage. Given the criticality of these systems, organizations that operate critical infrastructure must take steps to protect them from cyberattacks.
Top cybersecurity risks to ICS/OT systems
ICS/OT systems are vulnerable to various cyberthreats, including malware, phishing and denial-of-service attacks. These attacks can have serious consequences, such as shutting down critical infrastructure, manipulating processes or causing physical damage. Additionally, threat actors can exploit ICS/OT systems vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access, manipulate processes or cause physical damage.
One of the most significant threats to ICS/OT systems is the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks. These attacks are becoming more complex and targeted, making it harder for organizations to detect and respond. Additionally, ICS/OT systems are often connected to the internet, which can increase their vulnerability to cyberattacks.
For example, in 2015, a cyberattack on Ukraine’s power grid caused a widespread blackout that affected more than 230,000 people. The attackers used malware to gain access to the ICS/OT systems, and then manipulated the systems to shut down power to several cities. This attack demonstrated the potential impact of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and the importance of securing ICS/OT systems.
Securing ICS/OT systems
To secure ICS/OT systems, organizations must understand the unique characteristics of these systems, identify and assess the risks, and implement a range of security measures. One of the first steps to securing ICS/OT systems is to conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats. Organizations should also implement a range of security measures, including network segmentation, access control, monitoring and logging, and incident response planning.
Network segmentation is an important security measure that can help organizations to protect their ICS/OT systems. This involves dividing the network into smaller segments, which can be easier to monitor and secure. Access control is also essential, and organizations should limit access to ICS/OT systems to only those who need it. In addition, monitoring and logging can help organizations detect and respond to cyberattacks, while incident response planning can help organizations respond quickly and effectively.
Employee training and awareness are also crucial components of securing ICS/OT systems. It’s essential that employees who have access to these systems are trained on best practices for cybersecurity and that they understand the criticality of their role in protecting these systems. This includes awareness of social engineering tactics that threat actors may use to gain access to ICS/OT systems, such as phishing emails and phone calls.
In addition to these measures, organizations should consider implementing security controls specific to ICS/OT systems. For example, organizations can use firewalls and intrusion detection systems designed for ICS/OT environments. These controls can help to detect and respond to cyberattacks on these systems.
The path forward for securing ICS/OT systems
ICS/OT systems are critical to economic and societal functioning, making them an essential area of focus for cybersecurity professionals. Cyberattacks on these systems can have serious consequences, including loss of life, environmental damage and economic losses.
To secure ICS/OT systems, organizations must understand the unique characteristics of these systems, identify and assess the risks, and put in place a range of security measures. This includes conducting regular risk assessments, implementing network segmentation and access control, monitoring and logging, incident response planning, and employee training and awareness. As long as organizations follow these best practices, their critical infrastructure will remain safe, secure and resilient in the face of evolving cyber threats.